https://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Texas_Constitution%3AArticle_II%2C_Section_1Texas Constitution:Article II, Section 1 - Revision history2026-06-22T17:52:34ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.5https://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9206&oldid=prevAdmin at 15:56, October 31, 20252025-10-31T15:56:36Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This fundamental section informs the operation of each part of Texas government. The Republic of Texas constitution (1836) and each of the state's first four constitutions (1845, 1861, 1866<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>& 1869) contained a section with the same substantive language as this section. In contrast, the federal constitution and roughly twenty percent of state constitutions do not contain an express separation-of-powers provision.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This fundamental section informs the operation of each part of Texas government. The Republic of Texas constitution (1836) and each of the state's first four constitutions (1845, 1861, 1866 & 1869) contained a section with the same substantive language as this section. In contrast, the federal constitution and roughly twenty percent of state constitutions do not contain an express separation-of-powers provision.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The opening paragraph of a 1990 law review article written by a University of Texas law professor accurately states: "The constitutional law of Texas, mirroring the state's history, is rich, unique, and sometimes perplexing. A strong separation-of-powers tradition is a prominent feature of this law. In both the state and the federal contexts, everyone favors separation of powers as an abstract principle, but few understand its application to modern government. In particular, the 'fourth branch' of government—administrative agencies—rests uncomfortably in the classical tripartite scheme. Texas courts, like those elsewhere, have struggled with separation-of-powers issues and have produced a body of case law that resists confident application to new controversies." Harold Bruff, ''Separation of Powers Under the Texas Constitution'', 68 Tex. L. Rev. 1337, [https://lawweb.colorado.edu/profiles/pubpdfs/bruff/BruffTLR.pdf 1337] (1990) (footnote omitted).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The opening paragraph of a 1990 law review article written by a University of Texas law professor accurately states: "The constitutional law of Texas, mirroring the state's history, is rich, unique, and sometimes perplexing. A strong separation-of-powers tradition is a prominent feature of this law. In both the state and the federal contexts, everyone favors separation of powers as an abstract principle, but few understand its application to modern government. In particular, the 'fourth branch' of government—administrative agencies—rests uncomfortably in the classical tripartite scheme. Texas courts, like those elsewhere, have struggled with separation-of-powers issues and have produced a body of case law that resists confident application to new controversies." Harold Bruff, ''Separation of Powers Under the Texas Constitution'', 68 Tex. L. Rev. 1337, [https://lawweb.colorado.edu/profiles/pubpdfs/bruff/BruffTLR.pdf 1337] (1990) (footnote omitted).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9203&oldid=prevAdmin at 15:03, October 31, 20252025-10-31T15:03:23Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) ("<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">We therefore hold that the </del>Texas Constitution's separation-of-powers provision and our general separation-of-powers jurisprudence do not permit judicial enforcement of a legislative subpoena that would require canceling a long-scheduled execution. In our view, this holding accommodates the interests of all branches of the government. Precisely because every execution must be set so far in advance—and because no execution occurs without massive examination and scrutiny—legislative committees are always on notice that information they may wish to obtain must be sought in advance.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) ("<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[T]he </ins>Texas Constitution's separation-of-powers provision and our general separation-of-powers jurisprudence do not permit judicial enforcement of a legislative subpoena that would require canceling a long-scheduled execution. In our view, this holding accommodates the interests of all branches of the government. Precisely because every execution must be set so far in advance—and because no execution occurs without massive examination and scrutiny—legislative committees are always on notice that information they may wish to obtain must be sought in advance.")</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9202&oldid=prevAdmin at 15:03, October 31, 20252025-10-31T15:03:03Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) ("We therefore hold that the Texas Constitution's separation-of-powers provision and our general separation-of-powers jurisprudence do not permit judicial enforcement of a legislative subpoena that would require canceling a long-scheduled execution. In our view, this holding accommodates the interests of all branches of the government. Precisely because every execution must be set so far in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">advance— and </del>because no execution occurs without massive examination and scrutiny—legislative committees are always on notice that information they may wish to obtain must be sought in advance<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Accordingly, our holding recognizes a narrow but necessary limit on the legislature's investigatory power without questioning the legislature's ability to compel testimony from witnesses —including inmates, and even those under sentence of death. We do not, of course, foreclose the executive branch's ability to use its authority to accommodate even a late legislative request for such testimony. We hold only that such a result 347*347 is not a judicially enforceable right that a civil court may impose against an executive branch that is unwilling to use its authority in that way</del>.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) ("We therefore hold that the Texas Constitution's separation-of-powers provision and our general separation-of-powers jurisprudence do not permit judicial enforcement of a legislative subpoena that would require canceling a long-scheduled execution. In our view, this holding accommodates the interests of all branches of the government. Precisely because every execution must be set so far in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">advance—and </ins>because no execution occurs without massive examination and scrutiny—legislative committees are always on notice that information they may wish to obtain must be sought in advance.")</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9201&oldid=prevAdmin at 15:01, October 31, 20252025-10-31T15:01:15Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) (" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>")</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p346 346] (Tex. 2024) ("<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">We therefore hold that the Texas Constitution's separation-of-powers provision and our general separation-of-powers jurisprudence do not permit judicial enforcement of a legislative subpoena that would require canceling a long-scheduled execution. In our view, this holding accommodates the interests of all branches of the government. Precisely because every execution must be set so far in advance— and because no execution occurs without massive examination and scrutiny—legislative committees are always on notice that information they may wish to obtain must be sought in advance. Accordingly, our holding recognizes a narrow but necessary limit on the legislature's investigatory power without questioning the legislature's ability to compel testimony from witnesses —including inmates, and even those under sentence of death. We do not, of course, foreclose the executive branch's ability to use its authority to accommodate even a late legislative request for such testimony. We hold only that such a result 347*347 is not a judicially enforceable right that a civil court may impose against an executive branch that is unwilling to use its authority in that way.</ins>")</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9200&oldid=prevAdmin at 15:00, October 31, 20252025-10-31T15:00:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p--- ---</del>] (Tex. 2024) (" ")</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p346 346</ins>] (Tex. 2024) (" ")</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9199&oldid=prevAdmin at 14:59, October 31, 20252025-10-31T14:59:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''In re Tex. House of Representatives'', 702 S.W.3d 330, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7376762114737882843#p--- ---] </ins>(Tex. 2024<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) (" "</ins>)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9198&oldid=prevAdmin at 14:57, October 31, 20252025-10-31T14:57:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Morath v. Lewis'', 601 S.W.3d 785, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5611785657430184896#p789 789] (Tex. 2020) (citation omitted) ("We do not have power to decide moot cases, whether they 'involve a matter of public concern' or not. Indeed, the need for courts to mind their jurisdictional bounds is perhaps at its greatest in cases involving questions of public importance, where the potential for undue interference with the other two branches of government is most acute. If courts were empowered to ignore the usual limits on their jurisdiction, such as mootness, when matters of public concern are at stake, then we would no longer have a judiciary with limited power to decide genuine cases and controversies.")</div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9197&oldid=prevAdmin: Undo revision 9196 by Admin (talk)2025-10-31T14:40:19Z<p>Undo revision 9196 by <a href="/Special:Contributions/Admin" title="Special:Contributions/Admin">Admin</a> (<a href="/User_talk:Admin" title="User talk:Admin">talk</a>)</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=9196&oldid=prevAdmin at 14:39, October 31, 20252025-10-31T14:39:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://texaslegalguide.com/index.php?title=Texas_Constitution:Article_II,_Section_1&diff=8011&oldid=prevAdmin at 16:16, June 2, 20242024-06-02T16:16:30Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:16, June 2, 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Article II, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution (''<small>"Separation of Powers Among Three Departments"</small>'')}}{{Texas Constitution|text=Adopted February 15, 1876:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Article II, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution (''<small>"Separation of Powers Among Three Departments"</small>'')}}{{Texas Constitution|text=Adopted February 15, 1876:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>The powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: those which are Legislative to one, those which are Executive to another, and those which are Judicial to another; and no person, or collection of persons, being of one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others, except in the instances herein expressly permitted.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_title=Article II, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution ("Separation of Powers Among Three Departments")</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_title=Article II, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution ("Separation of Powers Among Three Departments")</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_keywords=Article 2 Section 1, separation of powers, three government branches</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_keywords=Article 2 Section 1, separation of powers, three government branches</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_description=This section declares<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments."</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_description=This section declares <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[t]he </ins>powers of the Government of the State of Texas shall be divided into three distinct departments."</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_image=Texas_Constitution_of_1876_Article_2.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|seo_image=Texas_Constitution_of_1876_Article_2.jpg</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:State Government Law]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:TxCon ArtII Sec]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:TxCon ArtII Sec]]</div></td></tr>
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