Article IX, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution–discussion page
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"Counties in their relation toward the state may be viewed in a two-fold aspect: one, which pertains to their political rights and privileges; the other, to their rights of property. Over the former, the legislature as the representative of state sovereignty can exercise absolute power unless restricted by the organic law. If it could not exercise such power over the delegated political rights and privileges of counties, which are subdivisions of state governmental authority, we might have a system of petty discordant governments within a government, without unity of design or action. Hence the political rights and privileges delegated to counties are not within the constitutional prohibitions against retroactive laws and those which impair vested rights. Cooley's Const. Lim., 237; People v. Morris, 13 Wend. 331."
Milam County v. Bateman, 54 Tex. 153 (1880)